RUO

Background

Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus with a broad host range, including bats, pigs, horses, humans, and other species. It can also be transmitted to humans through contaminated food or direct human-to-human contact. Currently, NiV has been isolated from patients' respiratory secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. It typically causes acute respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough, and dyspnea, or neurological symptoms like headache, dizziness, altered consciousness, and seizures, which may even lead to death. The mortality rate of human NiV infection can be as high as 40%-75% or higher. NiV infection can be diagnosed based on clinical history during both the acute and convalescent phases of the disease. The main detection methods include real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for body fluids and antibody detection via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).